Permafrost Thermal Responses to Asymmetrical Climate Changes: An Integrated Perspective

An integrated perspective of permafrost dynamics is a key bridge between and global socioeconomic assessments. This study investigated the air temperature changes (1976–2020) among zones in Northern Hemisphere their potential impacts on permafrost. We found that continuous experienced faster warming than other regions. The freezing index declined 724°C-day while thawing increased only 166°C-day over zones. may explain why cold rapidly but active layer thickness changed slightly. Assuming carbon emissions arise from thaw processes miss significant source emissions. often-neglected factor cold-season snow amplifies caused by summertime changes. Due to seasonal effects, using mean-annual depict evolution under assessment frameworks lead errors.